Secure Sockets Layer, or SSL, was an early transport layer security
protocol. The Netscape Corporation wanted the ability to encrypt
traffic between web servers and their spiffy new graphical browser,
so in 1994 they created the primordial SSL and let a small group of
people test it. It sort of worked and it let the testers experiment with
ecommerce, but as with any protocol designed by a single institution it
had numerous flaws. In 1995, Netscape hurriedly released the slightly
more robust SSL version 2, followed by version 3 in 1996. Despite
this quick succession of versions, SSL’s core cryptographic design was
intrinsically and irreparably flawed.
The IETF released version 1 of Transport Layer Security, or TLS,
in 1999. It’s a direct descendant of SSL version 3, but the name was
changed for political reasons. TLS 1.1 escaped in 2006, 1.2 in 2008,
and 1.3 in 2018.